مجلة المعرفة للعلوم الانسانية والتطبيقية، مجلة علمية محكمة تصدر عن جامعة المعرفة للعلوم الانسانية والتطبيقية بشكل دوري للمساهمة في إبراز مساهمات العلوم الانسانية والتطبيقية بجميع مجالاتها في ا لاستغلال الأمثل للموارد المتاحة وتحقيق التنمية المنشودة، وكذل تشجيع الباحثين على ربط مخرجات المشاريع البحثية بمتطلبات سوق العمل وتلبية حاجات المجتمع . -
جامعة المعرفة للعلوم الانسانية والتطبيقية
Smart agriculture is a strategic option for achieving sustainable development in Libya.
With the increasing severity of the food crisis in the world in 2008 and the increasing demand for food, agricultural products and crops, especially strategic crops, developing countries have moved towards adopting agricultural development policies and strategies based on smart agriculture in order to ensure the expansion of agricultural investments and thus achieve sustainability in food security. The current study aims to highlight the role and importance of smart agriculture in achieving sustainable agricultural development in Libya. The study addressed three main axes, the first of which is the axis of concepts and terms related to smart agriculture and agricultural development. The second axis deals with the determinants and components of agricultural activity in Libya, while the third axis adopts investment methods in smart agriculture to achieve the requirements of food security and agricultural development in the country. The study concluded that the optimal solution to achieve sustainable agricultural development and solve the problem of food security in Libya is to move towards smart agriculture based on modern technologies supported by artificial intelligence systems that would increase and improve the productive efficiency of crops. There is also a need to benefit from international experiences and establish regional partnerships in the field of agriculture and create communication channels to develop agricultural investment in the field of smart agriculture and localize related technology
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Simulation of cryogenic biogas upgrading using HYSYS
Biogas is the gas resulting from the biodegradation of an organic substance when there is no oxygen. Biogas originates from organic matter and is a type of biofuel and is produced by anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as biomass, fertilizer, sewage, solid waste, green waste, plants and energy crops. Due to the high percentage of carbon dioxide, the upgrades (removal of carbon dioxide) are complex and difficult. From this standpoint, this study focused on studying possible solutions for the upgrade process, as it will study the possibility of using the cryogenic method used in liquefaction of natural gas and its modification to meet the purposes of biogas promotion and separation of carbon dioxide This study concluded that this technique can be applied in separating carbon dioxide from biogas and promoting it to the level of natural gas despite the high percentage of carbon dioxide in biogas, as the proportion of carbon dioxide has been reduced from 40% to less than 3%. The degree of purity of the methane gas has been raised from 60% to more than 97%.
Cloud computing and its role in developing accounting information systems
In light of the uncertain development of information technology, particularly the massive amount of data and the diversity of e-business applications, there has been an urgent need for advanced storage and processing solutions. For this growing reason, some individuals are turning to investing more money in this technology. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of accounting information systems in light of the modern set, with a particular focus on the role of cloud computing in reshaping these technologies. Initially, the concept of accounting information systems and its basic components were reviewed, and the compatibility between them and information technology and infrastructure was clarified. An overview of IT-based accounting information systems was also provided, identifying their distinctive characteristics. In the second phase, a review was conducted on the concept of cloud computing and its various types, along with the analysis characteristics of each type and the available data deployment models. In addition, the leading companies providing cloud computing services and their offerings were reviewed. The study then concluded with an analysis of the impact of cloud computing on accounting information systems, highlighting the importance this accounting technology provides and the continued success it provides. A detailed comparison was also conducted between traditional accounting information systems and their cloud-based counterparts, examining the fundamental differences in terms of compliance, flexibility, and cost. Keywords: Cloud computing, cloud computing, IT objects, accounting information systems, computing models.
The extent of cybersecurity awareness among faculty members from their point of view(field study on faculty members at the Higher Institute of Science and Technology in Al-Khums Municipality)
This study aims to identify the level of awareness of cyber security among faculty members (a field study on faculty members at the Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Al-Khums Municipality) from their point of view. The researcher used the descriptive approach using social survey samples, which is consistent with the nature and objectives of the study. The questionnaire wa used as a study tool. The study sample consists of (30) faculty members at the Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Al-Khums Municipality. The results of the study showed that the level of awareness of cyber security among faculty members is low at a rate of up to (67%). It was also found that most of them face personal challenges that affect their ability to prevent cyber security risks and crimes. As for their level of awareness of cyber security applications, it was average. In addition, the majority of faculty members expressed great support for holding periodic training courses in the field of cyber security, reaching a rate of (70).
Awareness, Cybersecurity, Faculty, Higher Institute of Science and Technology Municipality ⁄ Quintile
Obstacles to measuring asset impairment in accordance with the requirements of International Accounting Standard IAS 36: Case study (Al-Nabaa Production and Catering Services Company)
This research focuses on presenting the key requirements for accounting measurement of asset impairment according to International Accounting Standard (IAS) 36. The research aimed to identify the obstacles to measuring the impairment of fixed assets in Al-Naba'a Company for Production and Catering Services. The researcher collected data relevant to the study from books and published research that addressed the topic, as well as gathering primary data through personal interviews conducted with several employees within the company. The research results revealed that there are several obstacles preventing the measurement of impairment in fixed assets according to IAS 36, the most significant being the inability to determine the fair value of the impaired asset in order to reach the recoverable amount
The reality of cost accounting in Libyan commercial banks
The study aimed to identify the reality of cost accounting systems in Libyan commercial banks, by identifying the availability of the basic elements for the application of cost accounting tools in Libyan commercial banks. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach and a set of statistical packages were used in analyzing the results of the study and testing its hypotheses. A tight questionnaire was used that was designed and developed based on previous studies and the theoretical framework of the study. The study targeted all the elements working in the Accounting and Financial Management Department and its departments in the Libyan commercial banks, numbering (14) banks in Tripoli. As for the study sample, a simple random sample method was used to represent the community and they were represented by (195) employees distributed to the sample members. (195) questionnaire forms were distributed to the sample members. The number of missing forms was (16) forms, of which (179) forms were received, of which (20) forms were not valid for analysis. Thus, (159) completed and reconciled forms were used for analysis, i.e. with a retrieval rate of (81%), and the data were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS). The most important results of the study showed that most Libyan commercial banks in Tripoli have clear organizational structures that define the competencies and responsibilities of all departments and sections within banks, and have an appropriate accounting system that ensures the provision of the necessary financial data and information, through the existence of accounting books and records and a sufficient documentary group to document financial operations and rely on electronic systems to register and prove all operations within banks. This is a good and important indicator that indicates the availability of some of the necessary elements for the application of cost accounting tools in Libyan commercial banks. However, banks face a number of obstacles, the most prominent of which is the lack of sufficient support from senior management in Libyan commercial banks due to the lack of spending to hold specialized training courses for employees and encourage them to participate in international institutes and associations specialized in the field of banking cost accounting, and the lack of an appropriate set of statistical and analytical books that serve the purposes of management in planning, control and decision-making
The role of national, regional and international legislations in confronting the crime of human trafficking
Human trafficking is a crime that degrades and violates human rights . in light of the spread of this crime on a global scale. it threatens the stability of societies and the rule of law . the issue of combating human trafficking received great attention at the international level . the united nations and international and regional organizations were concerned with the international community uniting to combat this crime. Which is a from the new slavery . because of the horror of its images . and adoption of criminal groups to exploit people .especially . the week . women and children. With the aim of making huge profits . even if that results in the loss of the lives of the victims.
Evaluating consumer perception of social media marketing: A systematic review
This systematic review represents an attempt to review a detailed and rigorous analysis of the specific factors that shape consumers' attitudes towards social media advertising. The specific factors of consumers' attitudes towards social media advertising include perceived usefulness, clarity, perceived credibility, reliability, trust, usefulness, awareness, entertainment, and materialism, as described in the review articles.
Integrating IoT technologies into water quality monitoring
This study aimed to identify the benefits of Internet of Things (IOT) applications in improving water quality monitoring. The study followed a descriptive-analytical approach, addressing the deficiencies in traditional methods and the utilization of (IOT)applications in enhancing water quality and monitoring. The study concluded the significance of developing infrastructure by equipping drinking water sources and treatment plants with (IOT) devices and technologies to track real-time data and provide early warning on water issues and quality. There is a necessity to ensure the provision of clean drinking water for people in both urban and rural areas. Monitoring water quality using (IOT) is a cost-effective, timely, and efficient system. An (IOT) water quality monitoring system consists of sensors to measure various variables such as pH level, water turbidity, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, humidity, and more. These variables interact with the sensors, and the data obtained is sent to the (IOT) cloud. The control and processing unit further processes, categorizes, and analyzes the data.
Damage in pre-contractual liability or in the negotiation phase
One of the issues that has recently been of interest to jurisprudence is the issue of liability in the period prior to contracting, or what is called civil liability in the negotiation stage. Indeed, negotiation requires the two parties to discuss all issues related to the contract to be concluded and to remove any ambiguity or vagueness that surrounds the agreed-upon terms in detail, between the two parties, so that these terms remain clear in meaning and significance, and are then immune to any interpretation or explanation outside the will of the two parties, and the negotiating parties are able to reach the joint acceptance of the contract through negotiation, which forms the foundation and solid pillar on which the construction of the final contract stands. Hence, the importance of contractual negotiations in achieving contractual balance is also evident, considering that these negotiations are a preventive means that prevent the disruption of the intended contract. This preventive role of negotiation is confirmed by the efforts of the negotiating parties to achieve it, through their agreement sometimes on what is known as the condition of negotiation to restore balance to the contract. This condition may be included by the two parties in their final contract, whereby they are obligated to negotiate to amend the provisions of the contract if unexpected circumstances arise that would affect the economic balance of the contract. It was therefore imperative for the law to intervene to protect the negotiating parties throughout the negotiation period and even after the end of the negotiation, and to oblige them to the requirements of negotiation and what it requires in terms of good faith, cooperation and trust.
The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the security and efficiency of Internet of Things (IoT) systems.
The world is witnessing a widespread proliferation of Internet of Things technology, permeating every aspect of our lives. This technology empowers devices to communicate and exchange data, offering numerous benefits but also raising significant security and privacy concerns. One of the primary challenges facing the IoT is security; hackers can exploit device vulnerabilities to steal sensitive data or disrupt critical systems. Additionally, privacy poses a significant challenge, as vast amounts of personal data can be collected through IoT devices, opening the door to the misuse of this data. Fortunately, artificial intelligence offers promising solutions to address these challenges. Artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning and big data analysis can be used to proactively detect threats and respond to them quickly and efficiently. AI can also enhance device security by automatically detecting and patching vulnerabilities. The role of AI in the Internet of Things is not limited to security; it can also improve system efficiency, provide a better user experience, and develop innovative new applications. For example, AI can analyze data collected by IoT devices to predict user needs and provide personalized recommendations. This research paper aims to investigate the integration of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, with a particular focus on how AI can be leveraged to enhance the security and efficiency of IoT systems. We will initially address the security challenges and threats facing these systems, followed by a discussion on the role of AI in detecting and responding to threats effectively. Additionally, we will explore how AI techniques can be applied to build more intelligent and adaptable IoT systems
Internet of Things (IoT) Intelligent Systems
The conceptual framework of digitization and its impact on the quality of education in Libya
This research aims at a variety of variables, transformations and developments that continue to affect its positive and negative repercussions on the contemporary world, and the ruling and dominant element in it has become scientific and technological progress; because the era we live in now is a new era - the era of digitization and information civilization. Digitization in the higher education sector may have many benefits, especially at the level of the quality of outputs, as it gives the student the opportunity to overcome many of the issues that he previously suffered from and exploit them in the positive side of them, which reflects on their effectiveness and quality.
The concept of terrorism and terrorist crime within the framework of public international law
Terrorist crimes arouse great international interest due to their spread in countries around the world, and there is no doubt that confronting this phenomenon. The phenomenon of terrorism requires more international efforts to study it and analyze the factors of its development and spread in order to combat it and find solutions to reduce it. Therefore, these efforts would illuminate The way forward is for legislators and decision makers to make their choices more accurate and successful in order to reduce these serious crimes. The topic aims to find a specific concept of terrorism and take a set of necessary measures to reduce the risks of terrorist crimes on individuals and countries, as well as protect the person’s right to security and safety and to enjoy these rights. In my study of this topic, I relied on the legal approach and the historical approach. The research dealt with the concept of terrorism in terms oflanguage and terminology, and the concept of terrorist crime was also addressed, in terms of the concepts, foundations and pillars on which this crime is built. At the conclusion of this research, I reached several results, the most important of which is the necessity of finding acomprehensive, complete and unified definition of terrorism through an agreement. International: It is also necessary to add terrorist crime to international crimes because it affects the integrity of international peace and security as well as the safety and security of humanity.
The Denial of its Permissibility According to the Modern Scholars "An Authentic and Applied Study of Sunan al-Daraqutni"
This research aims to study the essence of Deniability, its terms, rulings and its relationship to the abnormality, according to the scholars of Hadith Establishing, and then applied to Sunan al-Daraqutni, the appellations and utterances of the Deniability were numerous among the Hadith scholars, and they were gone deeply into by earlier scholars, so they applied them to everything was deniable and unrecognizable, While some of later scholars focused solely on the uniqueness of the weak, and most of them were incompatible with the reliables, that resulted in a multiplicity of its connotations and rulings debending on those terms, and Deniable narrations have seeped into a number of hadith books, including the book Al-Sunan by the Imam Abu Al-Hasan Al-Daraqutni, its compiler, one of the notables of Hadith in the fourth century AH. His book included a number of authentic and good Hadiths and a significant set of weak Hadiths, some of which were figured to be deniable, so the research necessitated, in addition to Deniability establishment, studying the reasons for Daraqutni’s inclusion of weak Hadiths in his Sunan, and reviewing samples of deniable Hadiths that, that he included in his book, studying them, and clarifying their issues and the source of their Deniability being coupled with the compiler sayings and rulings, and accompanied with quotes from other scholars regarding the scrutiny of the narrators
The impact of using artificial intelligence applications in improving the performance of the educational process from the point of view of faculty members
The study aimed to identify the impact of using artificial intelligence applications in improving the performance of the educational process from the point of view of faculty members (at Gharyan College of Education). The researcher used the descriptive approach using a comprehensive social survey that is appropriate to the nature of the study and its objectives. The questionnaire was used as a tool for the study, and a sample was composed of the study was conducted by (57) faculty members at the College of Education in Gharyan, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The results of the study showed that there is a strong correlation between the efficiency of artificial intelligence applications and the educational process from the point of view of faculty members. The study also found a relationship between the Among the risks of applying artificial intelligence to improve the educational process from the point of view of faculty members. The study also reached a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which were: working to improve the level of those involved in the educational process and training them on the use of technology and smart systems to keep pace with developments taking place under artificial intelligence, and establishing a special section for artificial intelligence. In colleges to work on training specialists in the field of artificial intelligence, in addition to designing educational software based on artificial intelligence, and the necessity of employing artificial intelligence applications in educational institutions and using them in the areas of the educational process
Artificial Intelligence Applications, Educational Process, Gharyan College of Education, Faculty member
دراسة كيميائية للمستخلص الإيثانولي والمائي لأوراق نبات المورينجا ومدى تأثير هذه المستخلصات على بعض أنواع البكتيريا الموجبة والسالبة لصبغة جرام
تعتبر النباتات الطبية مصدرا للعديد من المواد الفعالة التي ساهمت في علاج العديد من الأمراض والتي تعكس الفائدة العلاجية لها. ومن هذا المنطلق اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة مدى تأثير المستخلصات المائية والإيثانولية لأوراق نبات المورينجا (Moringa Oleifera)على بكتريا سالبة الجرام ((Escherichia coli وبكتيريا موجبة الجرام(Staphylococcus aureus) . قدرت الفعالية المضادة للمستخلصات وفق طريقة الانتشار بواسطة الاقراص على الاوساط الزراعية الصلبة باستخدام عدت تراكيز من هده المستخلصات. اظهرت الدراسة أن المستخلص الإيثانولي لأوراق نبات المورينجا الجافة كانت له أعلى تأثير تثبيطي على نوعيي البكتيريا الموجبة والسالبة لصبغة الجرام لجميع التراكيز المستخدمة (100 و33 ملج/مل). عند استخدام البكتيرايا الموجبة كان تركيز100ملج/مل الأعلى فاعلية (بقطر تثبيطي 19ملم), بينما لأقل تركيز33 ملج/مل الاقل تأثير (بقطر تثبيطي 13ملم). عند استخدام البكتيريا السالبة كان قطر التثبيط لأعلى تركيز (19ملم)، بينما عند استخدام التركيز الاقل انخفض قطر تثبيط الى 7.5 ملم. التأثير التثبيطبي للمستخلص المائي لأوراق المورينجا الجافة كان اقل تأثيرا، حيث كان قطر التثبيط للتركيز العالي لنوعيي البكتيريا 8 ملم للبكتيريا الموجبة و7ملم للبكتيريا السالبة. ومن خلال الفحص الكيميائي لنبات المورينجا وجد انها تحتوي على مستقلبات ثانوية مثل القلويدات والصابونين والفلافونويدات والعفص والكربوهيدرات والراتنجات والجليكوسيدات القلبيه والبروتينات. من خلال نتائج اختبارات الحساسية والمحتوى الكيميائي لمستخلصات نبات المورينجا وخاصة الكحولية فان هدا النبات قد يكون له دور مهم في انتاج عقارا جيدا ضد الالتهابات التي تسببها البكتيريا الموجبة والسالبة.
Comparison of Some Morphometric Traits and Protein and Fat Content of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus auratus) Farmed in Tunisian Fish Farms and Wild from the Al-Hamama Coast – Libya During Winter 2024
This study investigates the proximate composition of gilthead seabream (Sparus auratus) sourced from two distinct environments: wild populations from the Libyan Mediterranean coast and farmed populations from Tunisian aquaculture. Specifically, the research compares protein and fat content. In winter 2024, about 10 specimens were collected during the winter of 2024, and morphometric traits including total length, trunk length, and total weight were measured. The results showed that farmed fish exhibited significantly higher values for total length (28.44 cm), total weight (364.55 g), and trunk length (17.54 cm) compared to wild specimens (24.94 cm, 248.64 g, and 14.34 cm, respectively). Proximate analysis revealed that farmed fish had higher protein (22.30%) and lipid content (4.10%) than wild fish (19.40% and 3.14%, respectively), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the influence of controlled aquaculture conditions on the nutritional quality of gilthead seabream, suggesting that aquaculture farming provides enhanced growth and better nutritional value compared to wild-caught fish.
Comparing the accuracy of five Intraoral scanners with digital laboratory scanners
Digital impression techniques are computerized methods used to capture 3D images of dental restorations, implants, and orthodontic appliances. These techniques are revolutionizing the field of restorative dentistry. involve the use of digital scanners to capture images of the patient&#39, s oral structures, which can then be used to create restorations such as crowns, bridges, and veneers. A maxillary typodont cast was used to simulate the patient’s mouth vinylpolysiloxane impression was made of the typodont cast and poured to fabricate stone casts. The stone. casts were scanned by five IOSs (Medit i500, Medit i600, 3D shining, Carestream 3600, Eightieth Helios600) and one EOS (Optical smart vinyl) to obtain digital casts. Reference teeth (distance between two centrals, distance between right central and right canine, distance between left central and left canine distance between two canines) dimensions were measured on the digital casts by PTK opera software and compared to measurements of the stone cast done by stereomicroscope[1]
IOSs, Dental impression, laboratory scanners
Investigation of relationship between Morphometric and Meristic characteristics of Mugil cephalus (striped mullet) collected from the coastline of Susa, Libya.
This research examined the interrelations among several morphometric and meristic traits of the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) sourced from the Susa coastline in Libya. A total of 20 specimens were meticulously analyzed, with measurements taken for parameters including total weight, total length, standard length, body depth, body width, head length, eye diameter, and various fin dimensions. The descriptive statistical analysis indicated that total weight exhibited the highest mean value, whereas eye diameter recorded the lowest. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between body depth and standard length, body depth and total weight, body width and preorbital length, as well as between standard length and total weight, pelvic fin length, and body width. Conversely, certain relationships, such as those between preorbital length and postorbital length, and between preorbital length and second dorsal fin length, were determined to be minimal and statistically insignificant.
Mugil cephalus (Striped mullet), Body measurements, Morphometric characteristics, Meristic traits, Correlation analysis.
The Effect of Board of Commissioners and Audit Committee Independence and External Auditor Brand Name on EarningsManagement (Empirical Evidence from Indonesia)
Managers can manipulate earnings in order to maximize their own interests or to signal their private information, thus influencing the informativeness of earnings. Accounting earnings are more reliable and more informative when managers’ opportunistic behavior is controlled through a variety of monitoring systems. Corporate governance mechanism can constrain earnings management. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of three corporate governance variables on earnings management practice of Indonesian public listed companies. Therefore, this study focused on the role of corporate governance structure (independent board of commissioner and audit, and auditor size) to reduce companies earnings management. Therefore, the study was aimed to reveal whether the independent board of commissioners affect earnings management, the independent of audit committee affect earnings management, and auditor size affect earnings management. The population of this study was all of Indonesian listed companies for the period 2008-2009. This study used purposive sampling technique with some criteria. The final sample consists of 124 firm-years observations, 47 firms for 2008 and 77 firms for 2009 period. Final sample is only 124 observations due to many companies did not have complete corporate governance data. Data analysis implemented was multiple tests. The results of data analysis show result of an empirical evidence that independent board of commissioner negatively affects. There is another empirical evidence that hypothesis of a negative effect of ratio of independent audit committee on firm’s earnings management is not supported
earning management, the independent board of commissioner, independent of audit committee, auditor s
A proposed vision for establishing comprehensive retirement care offices in Libya"A theoretical study"
The study aimed to reveal the attitudes of retirees about the development of comprehensive care offices for retirees. The public civil service is a profession that relies on the human being as a focus in dealing with individuals and groups in public and private institutions. related to pension entitlement in order to ensure living and comfort for retirees and to achieve well-being for them through these offices. Hence, this study came to develop a proposed vision for the creation of these offices for comprehensive care for all retirees in the Libyan society.
The Holy Quran's call to implement deterrents
From ancient times to the present, nothing has preoccupied all of humanity except a dignified life, happiness, and tranquility in a society governed by justice and security. This could not have been achieved without eliminating crime and combating it from all its aspects. Deterrents were enacted for this supreme goal. Legitimate deterrents are the judgment of God, the Compassionate and Merciful toward His servants. Desires and temptations can ensnare those with weak, sick souls. Herein lies God's wisdom in legislating deterrents, including prescribed punishments, retaliation, and other legal texts. This modest research comprises three sections, each containing a number of points. In the first section, I briefly introduced the topic, establishing the reason for legislating deterrents and the wisdom behind them. I then explained the meaning of deterrents in language and terminology, drawing on a number of language dictionaries and some books of interpretation. In the second section, I discussed the concept of deterrents in the Holy Quran, and explained the Islamic ruling on those abhorrent traits that repel healthy people, such as adultery, drinking alcohol, and highway robbery. Quoting Quranic verses was also present. In the third section, I discussed the concept of deterrents in the second source of legislation, namely the Prophetic Sunnah. I cited a number of authentic hadiths that prohibit the commission of these reprehensible vices, and demonstrated with evidence that the quality of faith is stripped from those who commit adultery and drink alcohol. In the third section, I discussed the types of deterrents in Islamic law, explaining the wisdom behind their legitimacy. I explained that Islamic deterrents are divided into two categories: those that are prescribed and those that are not prescribed. These deterrents, of course, cannot be modified, either by addition or subtraction. I then discussed the two types: deterrents of retaliation, which achieve justice in its highest form. It equates crime and its punishment. I also touched on discretionary deterrents and other prescribed deterrents, called hudud (prescribed punishments), because the severe punishment deters the offender from repeating the crime. I then explained that the rights of the servants cannot be circumvented unless the person harmed forgives. As for the rights of God, they are between the servant and his Lord. I did not neglect the blood money and its nature. In the second section, I discussed the deterrents of hudud (prescribed punishments). In the third section, I explained the divine wisdom behind the legitimacy of deterrents. In the third section, I addressed the unity of divine laws in the application of deterrents. In the first section, I demonstrated, using Quranic evidence, that the Torah and the Gospel contain an explicit command to apply deterrents to violators. I then discussed the alteration, modification, and distortion of the Torah revealed to Moses, peace be upon him. In the second section, I discussed deterrents in the Gospel and whether the application of deterrents in the Gospel revealed to Jesus is necessary, a principle shared by all divine scriptures. Finally, I demonstrated, using Quranic text, that whoever does not rule by the Torah or the Gospel is immoral and unjust to himself and his society. I have tried to be as brief as possible in this research, as the limitations of the research determine its number, and my success comes only from God.
The importance of the role of psychological counseling for university students
The research summary focuses on the importance of psychological counseling as an essential need for university students, given the rapid changes in contemporary life across various fields. The university stage is a critical transition period during which students undergo significant psychological and social development, making them susceptible to internal and external issues that can affect their personality and interactions with others. Psychological counseling plays a vital role in supporting students, offering services to help them resolve these challenges, and contributing to the development of responsible citizens for society. The researcher, through her work in teaching and frequent interactions with students, observed that some students face difficult situations during their studies, which impact their mental well-being and academic performance, prompting her to study this topic.
The impact of work stress on the job performance of humanitarian workers: A case study of the Social Solidarity Fund, Fezzan branch
This study aims to analyze the impact of work-related stress on employees' job performance at the Social Solidarity Fund, Fezzan Branch. The study delves into key concepts and theories related to work-related stress, its influence on job performance, and strategies for alleviating this stress. A descriptive analytical methodology was employed, using questionnaires to collect data from 90 employees from various departments. The findings revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between work-related stress and job performance. High levels of stress stemming from excessive workload and high-performance expectations, lead to a decline in job performance, concentration, and attentiveness. Additionally, institutional factors such as resource scarcity, administrative complexities, and internal conflicts significantly contribute to increased stress levels among employees. The study also found that implementing specific strategies to alleviate work-related stress can significantly enhance job performance. These strategies include fostering social support among colleagues and management, improving the work environment, providing continuous training and development programs to enhance employee skills, improving time management, and offering psychological support. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting these recommendations to create a supportive and positive work environment, which in turn improves job performance, increases productivity, and enhances job satisfaction among employees at the Social Solidarity Fund, Fezzan Branch
Work-related stress, job performance, Social Solidarity Fund, occupational stress, stress alleviation, productivity, job satisfaction, Fezzan.
Structural systems for high-rise concrete structures
The number of tall concrete structures worldwide has increased significantly, and their functions have diversified. This is due to the concrete material and its high resistance to the loads acting on these structures. The most important loads taken into account in the design of tall concrete structures are those that cause horizontal lateral forces, represented by transverse shear, overturning moment, and lateral sway. The effect of these lateral forces increases with increasing height. Lateral displacement is considered one of the most important deformations in design considerations. Since the mid-1960s, many new structural systems have been developed for tall concrete structures, featuring efficient and economical forms for high-rise buildings. Some of these systems incorporate steel and reinforced concrete elements that operate in concert. Given the unique characteristics of tall concrete structures in terms of the loads acting on them, determining the structural system requires identifying several key factors during implementation. This research paper provides a detailed overview of the most important structural systems for modern, high-rise concrete structures, with the aim of further developing these structures and meeting the requirements of cities in providing livelihoods.
High-rise buildings, structural systems, lateral displacement
The concept of public transport planning and its compatibility with sustainability
Today, transportation networks and road systems constitute a fundamental pillar of a city's structure and vital facilities. Roads are its vital arteries, supplying life to all aspects and aspects. A city's street network, along with its various patterns and shapes, define its morphological identity and distinctive features. Transportation sector components account for approximately 32% of a city's total area and 37% of its built-up area in Canada. Researcher Murqi estimated this percentage at 34% in the United States. Pedersen found that between 15% and 25% of city space is allocated to highways, with an additional 5% consumed by other transportation facilities, including ports and airports. In other words, transportation, with its various facilities, occupies between 20% and 40% of a city's area, depending on its size and economic nature. This percentage reflects a city's level of progress and urban development. Moreover, a city's urban and natural environment, as well as its social structure, are closely linked to its transportation system. The improvement and development of its ecosystem are closely linked to the transportation system. The urban transportation system is a mirror and key to the city's environmental, administrative, and political systems.
Ibn Rushd's OrdealIts Causes and Intellectual and Political Implications
This research deals with the ordeal of Ibn Rushd, which is considered one of the turning points in the history of Islamic philosophy. It does so by analyzing the historical and social context surrounding this ordeal, reviewing its causes, discussing its main motives, and explaining its intellectual and political repercussions, with a focus on its impact, and clarifying its effects on Islamic and Western philosophy. It also shows the political and religious pressures that led to his exile and the burning of his books, which affected his philosophical production and the relationship between thought and authority in that era after the spread of the trend of conservatism and tradition.
The Impact of Interorganizational Competition on the Quality of Services ProvidedA Field Study on Libyana Telecommunications Company
One of the most significant effects of the communications revolution and the global conflict between different countries is that the world has become a small village. The emergence of globalization, along with the rise of the phenomenon of competition, has all impacted the intensity and ferocity of competition between local and global organizations, making survival of the fittest and strongest. The problem of the study is that competition between organizations has made improving the quality of the services provided an urgent necessity that must be continuously improved and developed. Organizations that fail to keep pace with competition and the rapid development of the surrounding environment will disappear and disappear. The study seeks to achieve several objectives, including defining competition and its positive and negative effects on organizations, defining the phenomenon of globalization and its effects on competition between organizations. The study also aims to define the role of competition in improving the quality of services provided by organizations. The study's main hypotheses are as follows: There is a statistically significant relationship between competition between organizations and improving the quality of services provided. The study population consisted of Libyana employees, while the study sample consisted of the company's senior management. One of the most important findings was the validation of the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant relationship between competition between organizations and improving service quality. The study also recommended the need for continuous and diligent efforts to improve, develop, and enhance the quality of services provided. It was also necessary to open up to competitors and understand the quality of their services in order to work toward improving and enhancing the quality of the company's services, ensuring it remains a leader in its field.
E-learning in the higher education sector and its impact on ensuring educational quality (a theoretical study of benefits, challenges, and quality standards)
The higher education sector is considered a critical sector in any country. It is responsible for providing the university services needed by researchers, whether students or faculty members. It is also responsible for graduating the elite of future youth, upon whom we rely for nation-building and development. Hence, the idea of ​​this study emerged, which aims to review the reality of e-learning and some of the related concepts, and to shed light on the role of higher education institutions in activating it within their educational system plans. In reality, it represents a call from the researchers to truly adopt this model of education to achieve a renewed future vision for these institutions. Adopting e-learning according to quality standards that ensure its effectiveness has become a matter of survival. Therefore, the researchers also addressed some of the quality standards that achieve the desired goal of implementing e-learning. In this study, the researchers used the descriptive approach to describe all concepts related to activating e-learning within higher education institutions, given its relevance to the subject of the study. The study concluded with a set of findings, the most important of which are: e-learning provides a high degree of flexibility, and taking e-learning requirements into account is a strategic force that determines the level of progress of an educational institution and its standing among other institutions. However, at the same time, it suffers from challenges directly related to weakening investments in the fields of information and communications technology, which imposes on those interested in education the necessity of striving to develop it and complete the necessary capabilities for its implementation. Therefore, in light of these results, the researchers recommend working to spread the culture of e-learning within the halls of higher education institutions, and clarifying its importance in the educational process by holding internal workshops to delve deeper into its advantages and method of use, and working to provide an infrastructure for information and communications technology that is more suitable for electronic services, including e-learning, the subject of the study, especially since most previous studies in the field of e-learning have emphasized the importance of activating it in the field of education in general, and university education in particular.
E-learning, higher education, benefits, challenges, quality standards.
The date of the entry of the Maliki school into Libya
The History of the Maliki School's Introduction to Libya The first time the Arab conquerors set foot in Libya after the conquest of Egypt was on the Libyan lands, which are part of "Afriqiya," the lands of the Greater Maghreb, extending from Barqa to Tangier in the west. When the leadership was entrusted to Uqba ibn Nafi in the year 50 AH, he founded the city of Kairouan, which became a scholarly center attracting students from all over Africa, including Libya. Intellectual life in Africa began with the teaching of the Qur’an, Hadith, jurisprudence, interpretation, and the Arabic language. There is no doubt that those who spread these sciences were the Companions of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, as historians mentioned that during the period of the Islamic conquest, Africa was entered by twenty-nine Companions of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, including those who witnessed al-Aqaba, Badr, and the Pledge of Ridwan, and prayed towards the two qiblas. Historians mention that when Uqba ibn Nafi’ returned the second time, he had with him twenty-five Companions. Ibn Adhari said that they were eighteen Companions, and that Uqba ibn Nafi’ gathered the most prominent of his Companions and the great leaders and went around Kairouan while supplicating and saying: “O God, fill it with knowledge and jurisprudence, and populate it with the obedient and the worshippers, and make it a source of honor for your religion and a source of humiliation for those who disbelieve in you, and make Islam victorious through it, and protect it from the tyrants of the earth.”2 Likewise, the young Companions and the great Followers, students of the Companions, passed through the Libyan cities. There is no doubt that The Companions and their followers were the first to plant seeds of Islam in Libya. Islam became more firmly established in Africa during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, when he sent an educational mission of ten jurists there. Before discussing the introduction of the Maliki school of thought to Africa, we note that historians almost unanimously agree that the Berbers of Africa converted to Islam during the reign of Ismail ibn Abi al-Muhajir, whom Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz appointed governor of Africa in 100 AH (100 AH). However, the efforts of Ibn Abi al-Muhajir were an extension of those who preceded him, the soldiers of the conquest who spread the language and religion. The Islamic conquest differed from other previous conquests, such as the Phoenician and Roman occupations, for "the conquest was built on the culture of the conquest itself." 1 Uqba ibn Nafi’ founded Kairouan in the year 50 AH and made it the capital of the Islamic state and a center for spreading Islam. Hassan ibn Thabit (74-85 AH) also founded the city of Tunis and distributed jurists throughout the cities of Morocco to teach the Berbers (Islam and jurisprudence). He established brotherhood between the Berbers and the Arabs, and the Berbers joined the Arab army alongside the Muslim Arabs. 2 Musa ibn Nusayr also sent teachers to the lands of the Far Maghreb to teach the Berbers. He converted the churches there into mosques, making them beacons of knowledge for teaching people religion and the Arabic language. He also established the mosques of Tlemcen and Agmat Helena, turning them into centers for teaching Islamic sciences. The character and piety that distinguished Ismail ibn Abi al-Muhajir had a significant impact on al-Burairi’s conversion to Islam during the reign of Ismail ibn Abi al-Muhajir. 3 This led historians to assert that al-Burairi’s conversion during the reign of Ismail ibn Abi al-Muhajir was a Kharijite apostasy and the spread of discord in Africa. Sources indicate that the Berbers of Africa apostatized more than twelve times, from Tripoli to Tangier. However, the reality is that Islam was firmly established in the Berbers’ hearts during the reign of Musa ibn Nusayr, and after his conquest of Andalusia, Islam was consolidated during the reign of Ismail ibn Abdullah ibn Abi al-Muhajir (100 AH/101 AH), that is, at the beginning of the second century AH. The doctrine of the Salaf was the dominant one in Africa until the appearance of the Kharijites in the second century AH. Islam during the Islamic conquests, which was in turn instilled by the Companions and their followers who came to Africa with the Islamic army, was simple and devoid of complexity. However, the political and intellectual events in the Levant spread to the Maghreb, contributing to the oppression of workers and social injustice during the Umayyad era. They mistreated the people and excommunicated those who converted to Islam and those who did not. This resulted in the emergence of heretical Kharijite sects, such as the Sufriyya and others. The Sufriyya were able to establish a Kharijite emirate in the city of Salamajah in 140 AH under the leadership of the Banu Wasul or Banu Medwar. Likewise, the followers of the Ibadi sect succeeded in declaring their imamate in Tripoli in 140 AH and seized Kairouan in 141 AH, remaining there until the Abbasid state was able to eliminate their state in Tripoli. The Ibadis then moved to the central Maghreb and established the Rustamid state in Tahert. Their rule lasted for approximately 130 years until they were eliminated by Abu Abdullah al-Shi'i in 296 AH. These doctrines remained embraced by the Berbers until the end of the second century. However, the emergence of Sunni doctrines in the Levant, and the departure of Moroccan students and their return as jurists embracing Sunni doctrines, had a significant impact on the Berbers' understanding of true Islam.